Britain’s Eton College charges charges annual fees of more than £40,000. from shutterstock.com
<p>The UK’s Labour Party recently <a href="https://www.smh.com.au/world/europe/privilege-of-a-tiny-british-labour-plans-to-abolish-private-schools-20190924-p52ufj.html">voted in a policy</a> to effectively abolish private schools and integrate them into the state system.</p>
<p>This is a courageous move designed to redress social inequity – many of those working in the top levels of the UK government were educated in private schools. Two of Britain’s three most recent prime ministers went to the <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/education/2019/sep/23/head-of-eton-hits-back-at-labour-plans-to-abolish-private-schools">prestigious Eton College</a>, which charges annual fees of more than £40,000.</p>
<p>The UK opposition party’s plan will likely warm the hearts of similarly minded Australians. Many of the same arguments about educational <a href="https://cpd.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/The-State-of-Australias-Schools.pdf">inequality have been floated in Australia</a>. Many individuals and organisations have also, for years, been <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2014/jan/28/private-schools-do-not-deserve-a-cent-from-our-public-funds">calling for the government</a> to <a href="https://thenewdaily.com.au/news/national/2015/03/25/australia-follow-chiles-lead-stop-funding-private-schools/">stop funding</a> non-government schools.</p>
<p>But implementing a policy in Australia like that proposed in the UK would prove very difficult. For one thing, it’s a matter of numbers. Only <a href="https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/812539/Schools_Pupils_and_their_Characteristics_2019_Main_Text.pdf">5% of the United Kingdom’s students go to a private school</a>. The challenges are magnified in Australia where <a href="https://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/Lookup/4221.0Main+Features12018?OpenDocument">nearly 15% of students are enrolled in independent schools</a> and nearly 20% in Catholic parish schools.</p>
<p>But beyond that, Australia’s complex set of school governance structures would make such a move very unlikely to succeed.</p>
<h2>Eight education systems</h2>
<p>Under UK Labour’s proposal, if it took office, private schools <a href="https://www.afr.com/world/europe/british-labour-puts-abolition-of-private-schools-on-the-agenda-20190923-p52tvw">would lose their charitable status</a> and any other public subsidies or tax breaks. Their endowments, investments and properties would be “redistributed democratically and fairly across the country’s educational institutions”.</p>
<p>For Australia to do the same, at the outset, it would be a constitutional issue. The Australian Constitution <a href="https://www.education.gov.au/schooling-0">empowers states and territories</a> to provide school education, thus creating eight different education systems. For Australia to abolish private schools like that proposed in the UK, a choice from three possible processes would need to occur to get around this issue.</p>
<p>First, Australia could change the Constitution. Second, all states and territories could voluntarily cede their powers for schooling back to the Commonwealth. Or third, each state and territory government could agree to enact the policy in its own jurisdiction.</p>
<p>Only <a href="https://theconversation.com/changing-the-australian-constitution-was-always-meant-to-be-difficult-heres-why-119162">eight of the proposed 44 changes to the Australian Constitution</a> have been agreed to since Federation. And given the political territorialism that exists between states and territories, it is hard to imagine any of these solutions being implemented.</p>
<p>Assuming one of the above could be enacted, taking over existing non-government schools would be further complicated by the diverse nature of school governance structures.</p>
<figure class="align-center zoomable"><a href="https://images.theconversation.com/files/294938/original/file-20191001-173375-nrdac9.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&;q=45&;auto=format&;w=1000&;fit=clip"><img src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/294938/original/file-20191001-173375-nrdac9.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&;q=45&;auto=format&;w=754&;fit=clip" sizes="(min-width: 1466px) 754px, (max-width: 599px) 100vw, (min-width: 600px) 600px, 237px" srcset="https://images.theconversation.com/files/294938/original/file-20191001-173375-nrdac9.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&;q=45&;auto=format&;w=600&;h=400&;fit=crop&;dpr=1 600w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/294938/original/file-20191001-173375-nrdac9.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&;q=30&;auto=format&;w=600&;h=400&;fit=crop&;dpr=2 1200w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/294938/original/file-20191001-173375-nrdac9.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&;q=15&;auto=format&;w=600&;h=400&;fit=crop&;dpr=3 1800w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/294938/original/file-20191001-173375-nrdac9.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&;q=45&;auto=format&;w=754&;h=503&;fit=crop&;dpr=1 754w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/294938/original/file-20191001-173375-nrdac9.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&;q=30&;auto=format&;w=754&;h=503&;fit=crop&;dpr=2 1508w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/294938/original/file-20191001-173375-nrdac9.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&;q=15&;auto=format&;w=754&;h=503&;fit=crop&;dpr=3 2262w" alt="" /></a><figcaption><span class="caption">Australia’s different school governance structures would make it almost impossible to cede all private education to the Commonwealth.</span> <span class="attribution"><span class="source">from shutterstock.com</span></span></figcaption></figure>
<p>In addition to being registered with their relevant state or territory government authority, more than <a href="https://www.acnc.gov.au/charitydata">1,000</a> non-government primary and secondary schools are registered with the <a href="https://www.acnc.gov.au/">Australian Not-for-profit Charities Commission</a>.</p>
<p>This means there are no “owners” who financially gain from operating the school. Financial surpluses are not distributed to shareholders but <a href="https://www.acnc.gov.au/for-charities/start-charity/not-profit">must be reinvested in the school</a>.</p>
<p>For a government to take over a not-for-profit charity in such a way would cause extreme anxiety to the thousands of community organisations which also exist under this legal structure.</p>
<p>Another group of non-government schools are governed by church authorities. A school such as <a href="https://www.sds.asn.au/sites/default/files/O72-0046.pdf?doc_id=NTEyNDU=">William Clarke College</a> in Sydney’s north-west, for instance, is governed by an ordinance of the Anglican Diocese of Sydney whose own authority is derived from <a href="https://www.legislation.nsw.gov.au/#/view/act/1902/aca/sch1">state legislation</a>. A smaller number of schools, such as <a href="https://www.legislation.nsw.gov.au/#/view/act/1922/ncc/full">Newington College</a> in NSW or the <a href="https://www.legislation.qld.gov.au/view/pdf/inforce/2017-01-01/act-2016-052">eight Queensland Grammar Schools</a>, are governed directly through acts of parliament.</p>
<p>To absorb these schools into one government system would require a change to a range of legislation covering charitable and religious organisations. Given various state and territory governments can’t even agree on <a href="https://www.abs.gov.au/Ausstats/abs@.nsf/Previousproducts/4221.0Appendix12016?opendocument&;tabname=Notes&;prodno=4221.0&;issue=2016&;num=&;view=">the age students should start school</a>, achieving consistency in the legislative realm seems remote.</p>
<h2>We should keep working to reduce inequality</h2>
<p>Advocates of private schooling in the UK have <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/education/2019/sep/23/head-of-eton-hits-back-at-labour-plans-to-abolish-private-schools">hit back</a> at <a href="https://www.bbc.com/news/education-49857748">Labour’s proposal</a>, indicating lengthy, and costly, <a href="https://www.ft.com/content/043ceef0-de02-11e9-9743-db5a370481bc">legal challenges</a>. These could range from parents’ rights to make choices for their childrens’ development (enshrined in Article 18 of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child) through to <a href="https://www.ft.com/content/043ceef0-de02-11e9-9743-db5a370481bc">property and charitable trust laws</a>.</p>
<p>Resistance to the proposed policy change from the UK <a href="https://www.hmc.org.uk/blog/hmc-response-labour-vote-independent-schools/">Headmasters’ and Headmistresses’ Conference</a> (that <a href="https://www.hmc.org.uk/">describes itself</a> as an association of heads of “some of the world’s leading independent schools”) is already fierce and suggests the same would likely be the case in Australia.</p>
<p>One consequence of inaction is growing inequity. Successful education systems prioritise <a href="https://www.abc.net.au/news/2019-08-14/australia-must-fix-school-inequity-for-top-education-system/11412438">equity and quality</a>. Analysis of social disadvantage by the <a href="https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/equity-in-education_9789264073234-en">OECD</a> found more than 52% of Australian disadvantaged students are enrolled in disadvantaged schools. This is compared to the OECD average of 48% and 45% in the UK (world leaders are Nordic countries at an average of 43%).</p>
<p>Australian analysis also highlights a <a href="https://research.acer.edu.au/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1024&;context=aer">growing concentration</a> of advantaged students are already in educationally advantaged schools.</p>
<p>Creating a socially and politically just education system is a worthy objective. But it’s not just a public-private issue.</p>
<p>Segmented schooling also exists in some Australian government schooling jurisdictions. For example, NSW has a highly stratified government education system which includes single-sex schools and various selective schools (academic, performing arts, sports and technology schools).</p>
<p>This creates enrolment interest from families living outside local communities, exacerbating infrastructure pressures in government schools. And some of NSW’s selective schools have <a href="https://theconversation.com/selective-schools-mainly-select-advantage-so-another-one-wont-ease-sydneys-growing-pains-118449">concentrations of students</a> who are far wealthier than in some private schools.</p>
<p>The debate over what our society wants from schooling is about equitable opportunities for everyone. The policy outlined by the UK’s Labour Party raises fundamental questions about the role and process of education in society. There seems value to ask the same for Australia.<!-- Below is The Conversation's page counter tag. Please DO NOT REMOVE. --><img style="border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; margin: 0 !important; max-height: 1px !important; max-width: 1px !important; min-height: 1px !important; min-width: 1px !important; opacity: 0 !important; outline: none !important; padding: 0 !important; text-shadow: none !important;" src="https://counter.theconversation.com/content/124271/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic" alt="The Conversation" width="1" height="1" /><!-- End of code. If you don't see any code above, please get new code from the Advanced tab after you click the republish button. The page counter does not collect any personal data. More info: http://theconversation.com/republishing-guidelines --></p>
<h6><a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/paul-kidson-756062">Paul Kidson</a>, Lecturer in Educational Leadership, <em><a href="http://theconversation.com/institutions/university-of-wollongong-711">University of Wollongong. </a></em>This article is republished from <a href="http://theconversation.com">The Conversation</a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the <a href="https://theconversation.com/the-uk-labour-party-wants-to-abolish-private-schools-could-we-do-that-in-australia-124271">original article</a>.</h6>

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