News

Rethinking classroom discipline: How routine and structure improve student learning

A 2023 senate inquiry into disengaged and disruptive student behaviours in Australian schools has become a catalyst for change.

<p>Creating a structured&comma; engaging&comma; and disciplined learning environment is an ongoing challenge for educators&period; At Aquinas College&comma; the introduction of Classroom Mastery is transforming the way students and teachers experience learning&comma; fostering a calm&comma; predictable&comma; and highly effective classroom environment&period;<&sol;p>&NewLine;<p>&ZeroWidthSpace;<a href&equals;"https&colon;&sol;&sol;www&period;school-news&period;com&period;au&sol;latest-print-issue&sol;" target&equals;"&lowbar;blank" rel&equals;"noopener"><strong>Read the latest print edition of <em>School News<&sol;em> HERE<&sol;strong><&sol;a><&sol;p>&NewLine;<p>Brendan Chapman&comma; Head of Teaching and Learning &lpar;PK–12&rpar; at Aquinas College&comma; has played a pivotal role in implementing this approach&period; With 20 years of experience in all-boys education in Australia&comma; Chapman has seen firsthand the impact that intentional classroom routines and high expectations can have on student outcomes&period;<&sol;p>&NewLine;<blockquote>&NewLine;<p><strong>&OpenCurlyDoubleQuote;Routines and rules are essential elements of our classrooms&period; They provide a predictable structure to reduce cognitive load&comma; which improves students&&num;8217&semi; working memory to focus on learning&period; This allows teachers to devote more time to effective teaching and providing additional learning support where needed&period; These routines and rules are taught as explicitly as academic content&comma; ensuring that they become an established habit for students&period;” Brendan Chapman<&sol;strong><&sol;p>&NewLine;<&sol;blockquote>&NewLine;<h4><strong>Moving beyond traditional discipline<&sol;strong><&sol;h4>&NewLine;<p>Unlike conventional disciplinary methods that react to student behaviour&comma; Classroom Mastery proactively creates structured environments that reduce disruptions and increase learning time&period;<&sol;p>&NewLine;<p>&&num;8220&semi;Classroom Mastery adopts a consilience approach to research&comma; integrating insights from multiple disciplines to create a learning-focused environment&comma;&&num;8221&semi; Chapman explains&period; By teaching and implementing behavioural routines that allow students to develop automaticity&comma; distractions are reduced&comma; and engagement is increased&period;<&sol;p>&NewLine;<p>Students are already seeing the benefits&colon;<&sol;p>&NewLine;<p>&&num;8220&semi;<em>I found the new changes beneficial&comma; as they helped implement more structure&comma; which means more learning for students&period; I feel like I am getting more time in class as students are more attentive&period;<&sol;em>&&num;8221&semi; – Year 8 Student<&sol;p>&NewLine;<p>&&num;8220&semi;<em>Initially&comma; it was a challenge getting used to the new routines&semi; however&comma; these routines have now reduced the amount of distractions&comma; which I am so grateful for&period;<&sol;em>&&num;8221&semi; – Year 7 Student<&sol;p>&NewLine;<h4><strong>Why Aquinas College chose classroom mastery<&sol;strong><&sol;h4>&NewLine;<p>One of the driving factors behind this initiative is the understanding that students need to feel safe in their learning environment&period; A calm and orderly classroom is essential for academic success&period; Chapman highlights a growing concern among new teachers&comma; many of whom feel underprepared to handle student behaviour in modern classrooms&period;<&sol;p>&NewLine;<p>&&num;8220&semi;Anecdotal evidence from graduate teachers in recent years suggest that they do not feel adequately prepared to tackle the challenges of student behaviour in schools&period; Aquinas College has therefore chosen to explicitly teach student behaviour to address this need&comma;&&num;8221&semi; he says&period;<&sol;p>&NewLine;<p>To achieve this&comma; Aquinas College partnered with behavioural expert Dr Tim McDonald to refine and implement Classroom Mastery strategies&period; Some key elements include&colon;<br &sol;>&NewLine;• Structured entrance and exit routines to create a smooth transition into learning&period; Students are greeted by the teacher and engage in warm-up work that is provided on the board&period; Before the students can leave&comma; they are asked to answer a review or reflective question to check their understanding&period;<br &sol;>&NewLine;• Cold-calling and non-volunteer questioning to ensure all students are actively engaged&period; Students are not asked to raise their hands if they know an answer&period; Instead&comma; the entire class must be prepared to be called on at any time&period;<br &sol;>&NewLine;• High behavioural expectations that minimise classroom disruptions&period;<&sol;p>&NewLine;<h4><strong>Essential skills for teachers<&sol;strong><&sol;h4>&NewLine;<p>To successfully implement Classroom Mastery&comma; teachers at Aquinas College have developed a range of classroom management skills&comma; including&colon;<br &sol;>&NewLine;• Effective communication techniques&comma; such as deliberate pausing and voice control&period;<br &sol;>&NewLine;• Non-verbal corrections to maintain focus without disruption&period;<br &sol;>&NewLine;• Classroom scanning to ensure all students remain engaged&period;<br &sol;>&NewLine;• Acknowledgement and praise of good work and behaviour&period;<br &sol;>&NewLine;• Clear and consistent reinforcement of rules and expectations&period;<&sol;p>&NewLine;<p>Chapman emphasises that these skills are explicitly taught and refined through ongoing professional development&period; &OpenCurlyDoubleQuote;Ongoing teacher professional learning and a sequenced classroom observation and coaching process has been instrumental to implementation and embedment&comma;” says Chapman&period;<&sol;p>&NewLine;<h4><strong>Supporting students with self-regulation challenges<&sol;strong><&sol;h4>&NewLine;<p>A core principle of Classroom Mastery is that strong teacher-student relationships lay the foundation for effective learning&period; When students feel safe&comma; respected&comma; and supported&comma; they are more likely to engage in learning and develop self-discipline&period;<&sol;p>&NewLine;<p>For students who may struggle with their self-regulation&comma; the program offers support by giving students certainty about expectations&period; The Australian Education Research Organisation &lpar;AERO&rpar; supports this approach&comma; noting that structured classroom routines improve student focus by reducing cognitive load&period;<&sol;p>&NewLine;<p>&OpenCurlyDoubleQuote;Aquinas College teachers strive to build relationships through positive interactions&comma; getting to know each student individually&comma; and maintaining open communication with families and carers&comma;” explains Chapman&period; &OpenCurlyDoubleQuote;Every interaction&comma; from a warm smile to a positive tone of voice&comma; contributes to building trust and connection in the classroom&period; The predictable routines in combination with calm&comma; orderly environments appeal directly to the disposition of these students&period;”<&sol;p>&NewLine;<p>&&num;8220&semi;AERO has published useful resources for schools&comma; crafted through contemporary educational research and industry-leading advice on classroom management to support improved learning environments&comma;&&num;8221&semi; he adds&period;<&sol;p>&NewLine;<h4><strong>Measuring impact and looking ahead<&sol;strong><&sol;h4>&NewLine;<p>To assess the impact of Classroom Mastery&comma; Aquinas College conducted student and staff surveys&period; The feedback has been overwhelmingly positive&comma; reinforcing the importance of consistent routines and high behavioural expectations in supporting student learning&period;<&sol;p>&NewLine;<p>&OpenCurlyDoubleQuote;<em>It has impacted my learning in a very positive way&comma; because I can maximise my class time and get as much out of my teacher as possible without any disruptions from other students… It is less disruptive&comma; there is more structure…<&sol;em>” – Year 10 Student<&sol;p>&NewLine;<p>As the program continues to evolve&comma; Chapman remains confident that Classroom Mastery will enhance learning outcomes and empower teachers with the skills they need to manage behaviour effectively&period;<&sol;p>&NewLine;<p>&OpenCurlyDoubleQuote;The power of the collective efforts of all teachers &lbrack;is&rsqb; minimising the cognitive variance for students whilst increasing predictability&period; This moves what is good practice from good teachers… to consistent high-quality practice with high impact&period;”<&sol;p>&NewLine;

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Shannon Meyerkort

Shannon Meyerkort is a freelance writer and the author of "Brilliant Minds: 30 Dyslexic Heroes Who Changed our World", now available in all good bookstores.

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